Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is highly nutritious an underutilized legume predominantly grown in India, particularly in semi-arid and hilly regions. It is recognized for its rich nutritional and medicinal properties. It is an excellent source of plant-based protein, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, essential minerals such as calcium and iron. Beyond its macronutrient and micronutrient content, horsegram is rich in bioactive phytochemicals including phenolic acids, flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, saponins, and phytic acid, which contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and lipid-lowering activities. It has been traditionally used for managing various ailments such as kidney stones, inflammation, and other metabolic disorders. Horse gram remains underutilized in mainstream diets despite its traditional use, and medicinal and health-promoting properties. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential role in preventing and managing chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Its application in traditional medicine, support its therapeutic efficacy. Despite these benefits, horse gram remains neglected in modern diets and agricultural system. This review aims to highlight the nutritional profile, bioactive phytochemical constituents, anti-nutritional factors, and therapeutic properties of horse gram.

Keywords: Horse Gram; Macrotyloma uniflorum; Underutilized Legume; Bioactive Compounds; Phytochemicals; Anti-Nutritional Factors; Functional Food