Global climate change, mainly temperature rise and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, is a major concern these days. The inter-annual climatic variability is prominent and significantly influences the agricultural production. Soil productivity is influenced by the amount and activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, which help in degrading the organic matter as well ascertaining the availability of plant nutrients. It is essential to reduce the emission of CO2 and other major greenhouse gases (GHGs) through the implementation of various strategies in the land use planning and by increasing the soil organic matter by adoption of various techniques which will not only help in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impact of climate change on beneficial soil microbial community but also allow additional benefits to the farmers in the form of reduced labour, costs, greater efficiency, improved soil quality along with sustainable crop production. Environmental changes are causing shifts in the species distributions on a global scale and can alter the interactions between the microorganisms within ecosystems. Climate change disrupts the delicate balance of plant-soil ecosystems, which significantly affecting plant health and soil fertility. The crucial role of soil microorganisms in nutrient cycling, plant nutrition, facilitation of plant coexistence, and population regulation could have significant consequences for plant community composition and overall ecosystem function. This study focuses on climate-changes, which directly and indirectly have effects on soil microbes and their interactions with plants. Overall, this study has the potential to contribute to our understanding significantly of climate-changes effects on ecosystem.

Keywords: Ecosystem, Microbial Communities; Heat Waves; Flooding; Drought; Climate Change Ghgs Mitigation Strategies