Probiotics are live microorganisms (in most cases bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found naturally in the human gut. They are available mainly in the form of dietary supplements and foods, and when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. They are a safe and effective way of enhancing the diversity and health of the microbiome in pregnant women. Probiotics given prenatally are an important way for mothers to safeguard their health during pregnancy as well as the health of their babies.

Colonization of the neonatal gut by beneficial bacteria is important in protecting the neonate from enteric pathogens and local as well as systemic inflammation. Maternal microbiome in pregnancy together with infant diet impacts neonatal microbiome.