Malnutrition and sarcopenia are common in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and are associated with increased risk of decompensation progressing to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and poorer outcomes after liver transplantation (LT). Prevalence of malnutrition in cirrhosis ranges from 65-90% and is seen in 20% and >80% of patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively. Malnutrition and CLD increase healthcare burden by increasing incidence and severity of complications with associated poor survival. Specific issues that merit consideration in the assessment of nutritional status and management of malnutrition in the Indian context are reviewed here. Assessing and treating malnutrition are essential in the management of patients with CLD. Several screening tools to identify patients at risk and/or to confirm the presence and severity of malnutrition have been validated in cirrhotic patients. Complete nutritional care design with timely nutritional modification by a dietician is advisable. Most nutritional intervention studies and guidelines in cirrhosis/ CLD recommend 30-35 kcal/kg dry body weight/day and protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g of proteins/kg/day. Adoption of a breakfast containing proteins and a late evening snack to shorten the period of nocturnal fasting are recommended in cirrhotic patients to achieve improvement in metabolic profile. Supplementation with branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) is known to improve abnormal glucose tolerance and serum albumin concentration in patients with CLD. Late evening snacks with BCAAs can be useful in improving protein metabolism and lipolysis in cirrhotic patients. Several clinical trials have suggested that BCAA supplementation improves nutritional status, reduces complications/arrests disease progression, and improves prognosis of cirrhotic patients regardless of patient age or disease stage.