Groundwater is the primary source of freshwater, but it is increasingly contaminated due to human activities. In rural areas, fertilizers contribute to water impurities, while in commercial areas, industrial discharge and e-waste dumping cause heavy metal seepage into groundwater. Cadmium and lead, primarily used in battery manufacturing, are significant pollutants. This study analyzed 20 water samples from Sialkot city, collected from wells, filtered water, and public taps in rural and commercial sites. Cadmium concentrations exceeded the WHO permissible limit of 0.003 mg/L, with levels ranging from 0.004 to 0.7 mg/L, particularly higher in commercial areas due to increased waste dumping. Inefficiency of filtered plants was observed, as cadmium requires activated carbon filters for removal. The unique chemical properties of water allow it to absorb pollutants from its surroundings, resulting in contamination from human, animal, and biochemical activities. Heavy metals cause severe health issues, including damage to the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, CNS, endocrine glands, kidneys, liver, lungs, and bones. The study highlights the urgent need to identify contamination sources, implement control measures, and create public awareness. Comparative analysis revealed higher pollution levels in commercial areas. Questionnaire responses also indicated historical cases of kidney failure and gallbladder stones among the affected population

Keywords:Chronic Disorder; Hazard Quotient; Lifetime Cancer Risk; Sustainable Developmental Goals