Research Article
A Systematic Review on the Burden of Nonnutritional Causes of Anemia among Pregnant Women in India
Khanam A1, Ranjith A2, Vohra K1, Sharma T2, and Yadav K2*
National Centre of Excellence and Advanced Research on Anemia Control (NCEAR-A) Centre for Community Medicine (CCM) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, India
Centre for Community Medicine (CCM) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, India
Centre for Community Medicine (CCM) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, India
*Corresponding author:Kapil Yadav, Centre for Community Medicine (CCM) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, India.E-mail Id: dr.kapilyadav@gmail.com
Article Information:Submission: 09/10/2024; Accepted: 07/11/2024; Published: 11/11/2024
Copyright: © 2024 Khanam A, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Introduction:Anemia is significant public health problem of multifactorial causation. Nutritional causes such as iron, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A deficiencies, and protein-energy malnutrition can result in anemia. The non-nutritional causes of anemia include genetic disorders such as hemoglobinopathies, infectious diseases, and various other chronic diseases. Non-nutritional causes of anemia constitute a significant burden in world and also in India. This review aimed to study the burden of different non-nutritional causes of anemia among pregnant women in India.
Methods:PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies reporting on the prevalence of non-nutritional causes of anemia among pregnant women in India, published from 2012 to 2024. The systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Result:A total of 297 studies were identified, of which 27studies were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of beta-thalassemia disease was 2.1%, beta-thalassemia trait ranged from 0.7 to 8.5%, sickle cell disease from 0.7 to 1.6%, and sickle cell trait from 0.2 to 15.6% amongst pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria was in the range of 0.8 to 29.3%, among pregnant women in India.
Conclusion:Non- nutritional causes of anemia constitute a significant burden amongst pregnant women in India. Non-nutritional causes of anemia need to be addressed to achieve targets of control of anemia. There is a need for more scientifically sound basic research investigating the prevalence of different non-nutritional causes of anemia in pregnancy.
Methods:PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies reporting on the prevalence of non-nutritional causes of anemia among pregnant women in India, published from 2012 to 2024. The systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Result:A total of 297 studies were identified, of which 27studies were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of beta-thalassemia disease was 2.1%, beta-thalassemia trait ranged from 0.7 to 8.5%, sickle cell disease from 0.7 to 1.6%, and sickle cell trait from 0.2 to 15.6% amongst pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria was in the range of 0.8 to 29.3%, among pregnant women in India.
Conclusion:Non- nutritional causes of anemia constitute a significant burden amongst pregnant women in India. Non-nutritional causes of anemia need to be addressed to achieve targets of control of anemia. There is a need for more scientifically sound basic research investigating the prevalence of different non-nutritional causes of anemia in pregnancy.
Keywords:Anemia Burden; Hemoglobinopathies; Thalassemia; Sickle Cell Disease; Pregnant Women; India